{"id":2783,"date":"2026-11-06T23:24:19","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T15:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.puriactives.com\/en\/?p=2783"},"modified":"2026-11-06T23:24:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T15:24:19","slug":"nanoactive-sa-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.puriactives.com\/en\/?p=2783","title":{"rendered":"NanoActive™ SA"},"content":{"rendered":"

NanoActive™ SA<\/h2>\n

Nanoencapsulated salicylic acid: skin renewal and scalp clarity<\/h2>\n

Corneocyte shedding \u00b7 Comedonal acne research \u00b7 Scalp and dandruff studies \u00b7 Liposomal delivery evidence<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Salicylic acid crystals \u00b7 Polarized-light micrograph<\/p>\n

NANOACTIVE™ SA \/ Product information<\/b><\/p>\n

One molecule, two formulation applications<\/h2>\n

SA\uff1a2-Hydroxybenzoic acid<\/p>\n

Active INCI: SALICYLIC ACID; CAS: 69-72-7; molecular formula: C7H6O3; molecular weight: 138.12 g\/mol.<\/p>\n

Skin care<\/h3>\n

Supports skin renewal and controlled exfoliation; care for open comedones and blemish-prone skin; formulations for clearer pores and smoother skin texture.<\/p>\n

Scalp and hair care<\/h3>\n

Advanced salicylic acid delivery system<\/h3>\n

Scalp exfoliation, dandruff management, buildup removal, and improved surface comfort.<\/p>\n

Molecular science \/ Formulation considerations<\/b><\/p>\n

Solubility, ionization, and lipid affinity guide formulation design<\/h2>\n

Water solubility at 25\u00b0C<\/p>\n

2.24 mg\/mL<\/p>\n

Aqueous phase<\/p>\n

Lipid domain<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Limited water solubility makes carrier selection central to aqueous formulation design.<\/p>\n

pKa 2.9 \u00b7 Acid\/salicylate equilibrium; log Po\/w 2.25 \u00b7 Lipid affinity; saturated aqueous solution pH 2.4.<\/p>\n

pH changes the ionization state; salicylates and the free acid are chemically distinct.<\/p>\n

Delivery design should address molecular form and be supported by specific evidence.<\/p>\n

Skin science \/ Corneocyte cohesion<\/b><\/p>\n

Salicylic acid promotes shedding by reducing intercorneocyte cohesion<\/h2>\n

Normal human stratum corneum \/ 1980<\/p>\n

Stratum corneum \/ Schematic<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Promotes corneocyte shedding<\/p>\n

Corneocyte<\/p>\n

Corneocyte<\/p>\n

Reduces cohesion between corneocytes<\/p>\n

No effect on normal epidermal mitotic activity was detected. This study does not support a proliferation-based renewal claim.<\/p>\n

Roberts DL, Marshall R, Marks R. Br J Dermatol. 1980;103(2):191\u2013196. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06590.x.<\/p>\n

Mechanistic and animal evidence \/ Sebocytes and rabbit ear acne model<\/b><\/p>\n

Salicylic acid inhibited sebocyte lipogenesis and inflammatory pathways and reduced follicular dilation in a rabbit ear acne model<\/h2>\n

Human SEB-1 sebocytes \/ 50\u2013100 \u03bcM salicylic acid<\/h3>\n

p-AMPK \u2191 \u2192 SREBP-1 \/ FAS \/ ACC \u2193; total lipid content decreased by 27.9% and 41.2% at 50 \u03bcM and 100 \u03bcM, respectively.<\/p>\n

NF-\u03baB signaling \u2193; IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-\u03b1, and OSM were measured after stimulation with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes.<\/p>\n

SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c transcripts decreased by approximately 40%; FAS and ACC decreased by 28.1% and 33.4%, respectively. Immunoblotting supported reductions in precursor and mature SREBP-1.<\/p>\n

Rabbit ear acne model \/ Daily gel application for 3 weeks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Salicylic acid gel<\/th>\nBaseline<\/th>\nWeek 3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1%<\/td>\n110.0<\/td>\n61.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2%<\/td>\n96.7<\/td>\n63.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Endpoint<\/td>\nDilated follicles\/cm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Histopathology and immunohistochemistry supported the cellular mechanisms. Across the reported groups and outcomes, IL-6, SREBP-1, NF-\u03baB p65, and OSM protein levels decreased by approximately 53.7\u201381.3%.<\/p>\n

These mechanistic and animal findings apply to the tested salicylic acid materials and doses. They cannot be directly extrapolated to untested finished NanoActive™ SA formulations.<\/p>\n

Lu J et al. Experimental Dermatology. 2019;28(7):786\u2013794. DOI: 10.1111\/exd.13934. PMID: 30972839.<\/p>\n

Animal evidence \/ 28-day study in normal mouse skin<\/b><\/p>\n

Daily 0.5\u20135% supramolecular salicylic acid caused no obvious inflammatory or degenerative changes in normal mouse skin<\/h2>\n

Study design<\/h3>\n

C57BL\/6 mice; vehicle or 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 5% supramolecular salicylic acid hydrogel; once daily, 20 mg\/cm\u00b2; histology on days 14 and 28; n = 3 per group per time point.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The original H&E images retain group labels, day 14\/28 rows, and 50 \u03bcm scale bars.<\/p>\n

Zhou C et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023;17:1593\u20131609. Original Figure 1A\u2013B. PMCID: PMC10228590.<\/p>\n

Animal mechanisms \/ Barrier-related transcriptomics<\/b><\/p>\n

Supramolecular salicylic acid upregulated genes associated with cornification, lipid lamellae, and cell junctions in mouse skin<\/h2>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 5A: barrier-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms on days 14 and 28.<\/p>\n

In the 5% supramolecular salicylic acid group, expression increased for genes related to cornified envelope formation, filaggrin metabolism, intercellular lipid lamellae, desmosomes, tight junctions, and antimicrobial peptides. These are mouse transcriptomic findings, rather than evidence of clinical barrier benefits in humans.<\/p>\n

Zhou C et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023;17:1593\u20131609. Original Figure 5A\u2013B. DOI: 10.2147\/DDDT.S397541.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Vehicle-controlled study<\/b><\/p>\n

Open comedones improved; closed comedones showed the same reduction as vehicle<\/h2>\n

0.5% salicylic acid \/ 12 weeks<\/p>\n

Reduction from baseline at week 12 (%)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Comedone type<\/th>\nSalicylic acid<\/th>\nVehicle<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Open comedones<\/td>\n39%<\/td>\n28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Closed comedones<\/td>\n21%<\/td>\n21%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

39% vs 28%<\/p>\n

Open-comedone reduction: salicylic acid versus vehicle; the authors reported a statistically significant difference.<\/p>\n

21% = 21%<\/p>\n

Closed-comedone reductions did not differ between groups, indicating that comedone type affects the outcome.<\/p>\n

Test product: 0.5% salicylic acid in an alcohol\u2013detergent vehicle. Values summarized from Liu H et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020, Analysis 5.5; Shalita AR. Cutis. 1981. PMID: 6458457.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Multicenter randomized trial<\/b><\/p>\n

A 500-participant trial found no significant difference in overall improvement between 2% supramolecular salicylic acid and adapalene<\/h2>\n

Test: 2% supramolecular salicylic acid hydrogel; comparator: adapalene gel; randomized, evaluator-blind, parallel-controlled design.<\/p>\n

n = 249 \/ 2% supramolecular salicylic acid; n = 251 \/ adapalene.<\/p>\n

Clearance plus marked improvement at week 12<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Group<\/th>\nClearance + marked improvement<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2% supramolecular salicylic acid<\/td>\n51.01%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adapalene gel<\/td>\n43.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Between-group p = 0.0831; no statistically significant difference.<\/p>\n

Once daily for 16 weeks, as stated in the presentation; the overall improvement results shown here are from week 12.<\/p>\n

Adverse event rates: 0.40% versus 0.80%; no statistically significant between-group difference.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(6):2125\u20132134. DOI: 10.1111\/jocd.16238. PMID: 38590107.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Original trial tables<\/b><\/p>\n

Original tables from the 500-participant trial document lesion improvement and adverse events<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Table 2: lesion improvement at T12; TG = test group, CG = control group.<\/p>\n

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Table 3: adverse event summary; no serious adverse events occurred.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(6):2125\u20132134. Original Tables 2 and 3. DOI: 10.1111\/jocd.16238.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Standardized clinical photographs<\/b><\/p>\n

Inflammatory acne visibly decreased on the forehead and cheeks in both groups<\/h2>\n

Trial overview<\/h3>\n

500 enrolled; 479 completed; 2% supramolecular salicylic acid once daily; adapalene comparator; multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blind trial.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Photographs show individual responses. Randomized group analyses remain the main quantitative evidence.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. Original Figure 2; 2% supramolecular salicylic acid hydrogel versus adapalene gel.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Skin color, TEWL, and hydration<\/b><\/p>\n

Physiological measures changed over time, with no significant between-group differences<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Interpreting the results<\/h3>\n

L* increased from baseline at several visits. TEWL decreased at T8, T12, and T16 in the supramolecular salicylic acid group. Hydration decreased at T1 in both groups. None of the physiological measures differed significantly between groups.<\/p>\n

T16 was 4 weeks after product discontinuation.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. Original Figure 3A\u2013E: L*, a*, b*, TEWL, and hydration.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Original physiological data table<\/b><\/p>\n

The original table records within-group physiological changes across all 7 visits<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Within-group comparisons use baseline as the reference. The authors reported no significant between-group differences for any physiological measure.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. Original Table 4: summary statistics for physiological measures.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Sebum, pores, and fine lines<\/b><\/p>\n

Pore count differed significantly between groups at T1<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Table 5: summary of improvement rates for physiological measures.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 4: changes in sebum, pores, and fine lines over time.<\/p>\n

The authors specifically identified a between-group difference in pore count at T1. This should not be described as lasting pore reduction.<\/p>\n

Ye CX et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. Original Table 5 and Figure 4. DOI: 10.1111\/jocd.16238.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Microbiome \u00b7 2% supramolecular salicylic acid for 8 weeks<\/b><\/p>\n

Changes in facial microbial diversity accompanied improvements in lesion count and GAGS<\/h2>\n

30 participants with acne plus 10 non-acne controls; 2% supramolecular salicylic acid for 8 weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Outcome<\/th>\nBefore treatment<\/th>\nAfter treatment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Lesion count<\/td>\n39.67 \u00b1 7.18<\/td>\n25.90 \u00b1 8.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAGS<\/td>\n14.20 \u00b1 2.71<\/td>\n10.37 \u00b1 3.12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p value<\/td>\n< 0.0001<\/td>\n< 0.0001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 1 values reformatted for readability; BT = before treatment, AT = after treatment.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bilal H et al. Pharmaceuticals. 2023;16(1):87. Table 1 and original Figure 1. PMCID: PMC9864713.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Microbial community structure<\/b><\/p>\n

\u03b2-diversity tests found no significant difference between the post-treatment and control groups<\/h2>\n

Post-treatment versus control: ANOSIM: R = \u22120.028, p = 0.6; perMANOVA: R = 0.031, p = 0.257.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 2: \u03b2-diversity. Original Figure 4: genus-level relative abundance and between-group comparisons.<\/p>\n

Bilal H et al. Pharmaceuticals. 2023;16:87. Original Figures 2 and 4 and Table 2. DOI: 10.3390\/ph16010087.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ 21-day combination gel study<\/b><\/p>\n

After 21 days of a multi-ingredient gel, forehead sebum decreased by 23.65% and IGA by 23.81%<\/h2>\n

n = 42; twice daily for 21 days; 2% salicylic acid + 2.9% glycolic acid + 2.5% lactic acid + niacinamide + three ceramides. Single-center prospective study; effects cannot be attributed to salicylic acid alone.<\/p>\n

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\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Liu Y et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24(7):e70353. Original Figures 1 and 4. PMCID: PMC12274963.<\/p>\n

Human skin evidence \/ Short-term forearm measures<\/b><\/p>\n

Short-term forearm testing assessed hydration and TEWL recovery after tape stripping<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hydration immediately and at 3 and 6 hours; sample and control areas.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

TEWL recovery after tape stripping; short-term forearm protocol.<\/p>\n

Liu Y et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025. Original Figures 2 and 3: hydration and TEWL after tape stripping.<\/p>\n

Professional 30% peels \/ Clinical and barrier measures<\/b><\/p>\n

GAGS and skin barrier measures improved after serial 30% supramolecular salicylic acid peels in 28 patients<\/h2>\n

Professional peels<\/h3>\n

n = 28; 30% supramolecular salicylic acid; once every 2 weeks for 2 months; GAGS, pH, sebum, TEWL, hydration, and red areas.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Post-peel burning\/stinging: 25 patients; erythema: 3 patients. These data cannot be extrapolated to everyday leave-on cosmetics.<\/p>\n

Shao X et al. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2023;13:155\u2013168. Original Figure 1. PMCID: PMC9823178.<\/p>\n

Professional 30% peels \/ Perilesional immunohistochemistry<\/b><\/p>\n

Post-peel perilesional biopsies showed lower inflammatory markers and higher caveolin-1<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

IL-1\u03b1 \u2193 \u00b7 IL-6 \u2193 \u00b7 IL-17 \u2193 \u00b7 TGF-\u03b2 \u2193 \u00b7 TLR2 \u2193 \u00b7 Caveolin-1 \u2191<\/p>\n

Shao X et al. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2023;13:155\u2013168. Original Figure 3. DOI: 10.1007\/s13555-022-00844-5.<\/p>\n

Professional 30% peels \/ Korean acne study<\/b><\/p>\n

Serial 30% salicylic acid peels reduced inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions in Korean patients<\/h2>\n

Korean patients \u00b7 Fitzpatrick skin types III\u2013IV<\/h3>\n

n = 35; single-blind, uncontrolled; 30% salicylic acid once every 2 weeks for 5 sessions; total lesions: 68.2 \u2192 39 at week 12; non-inflammatory lesions: 43 \u2192 28; inflammatory lesions: 25 \u2192 11.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Acne grade decreased by 1.29 (p < 0.01). No significant barrier changes, persistent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, or scarring were observed. Original Table 1 prints \u201c554.3\u201d at week 6, a suspected source typographical error. Professional peel data do not support leave-on product claims.<\/p>\n

No visit differed significantly from baseline. The week 6 hydration value \u201c554.3\u201d is retained as printed in the original table.<\/p>\n

Lee HS, Kim IH. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:1196\u20131199. Original Figures 3\u20134 and Table 1.<\/p>\n

Professional 30% peels \/ Japanese comedonal acne study<\/b><\/p>\n

Mean comedone count decreased by 75% after five 30% salicylic acid\u2013PEG peels in Japanese patients<\/h2>\n

n = 16; comedone count: 39.3 \u2192 9.2; once every 2 weeks for 5 sessions, 5 minutes each; blinded photographic assessment; no parallel control.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Severity: baseline II \u2192 grade I at week 12.<\/p>\n

Original notes: comedones were counted at each visit and 2 weeks after the last peel; counts declined with treatment duration. A blinded observer reported an overall reduction in severity, consistent with lesion counts. Grades based on one side of the face: I (<10), II (10\u201325), III (severe, 25\u201350), IV (>50); thresholds retained as printed.<\/p>\n

Hashimoto Y et al. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:276\u2013279. Original Figure 1 and Table 1. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.34055.x.<\/p>\n

From skin to scalp \/ A shared surface target<\/b><\/p>\n

Retained corneocyte material links follicular plugging and scalp flaking<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Skin \/ Follicular opening<\/h3>\n

Keratinous buildup at the follicular opening connects shedding biology with open-comedone and surface-texture care.<\/p>\n

Scalp \/ Surface and contact time<\/h3>\n

Adherent flakes and surface buildup create another formulation setting: spreading through hair, rinsing, and routine maintenance.<\/p>\n

Biological principles connect skin and scalp. Interpret leave-on and rinse-off evidence in the context of the specific product format.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Controlled studies<\/b><\/p>\n

Flaking scores and corneocyte counts provide controlled evidence for scalp outcomes<\/h2>\n

1987<\/h3>\n

Double-blind, four-arm shampoo comparison<\/h3>\n

n = 48; supervised shampooing twice weekly for 5 weeks; clinical scaling scores plus shed corneocytes\/cm\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Comparison arms<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2% salicylic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2% sulfur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Both actives combined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vehicle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The combination produced significantly greater and earlier reductions than either active alone or the vehicle.<\/p>\n

2002<\/h3>\n

Randomized, single-blind comparison<\/h3>\n

n = 154; three times weekly for 4 weeks plus 2 weeks of follow-up. Test: 1.5% ciclopirox olamine + 3% salicylic acid. Comparator: 2% ketoconazole.<\/p>\n

Both shampoos improved dandruff and scaling on days 29 and 43. In the seborrheic dermatitis subgroup, pruritus improved significantly only with the ciclopirox olamine\u2013salicylic acid formula.<\/p>\n

Leyden JJ et al. Cutis. 1987;39(6):557\u2013561. PMID: 3301220. \u00b7 Squire RA, Goode K. J Dermatolog Treat. 2002;13(2):51\u201360. PMID: 12060502.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ 4-week shampoo study<\/b><\/p>\n

Severe dandruff decreased from 28.4% to 3.2% after 4 weeks<\/h2>\n

n = 95 dermatologists; self-controlled assessment; 1% selenium disulfide + 0.9% salicylic acid shampoo; three times weekly for 4 weeks.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 1 \u00b7 Severity distribution<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 2 \u00b7 Mean VAS scores \u00b1 SD<\/p>\n

90.5%<\/p>\n

Reported mild or no dandruff on day 28; all VAS scores improved (p < 0.01).<\/p>\n

Chen X, Li J, Li Y, Wei A. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317(1):680. Figures 1\u20132. DOI: 10.1007\/s00403-025-04165-3.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Day 0 to day 28 photographs<\/b><\/p>\n

Two representative participants showed visible improvement in dandruff, erythema, and scalp lesions<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Participant A \u00b7 Day 0 (left) and day 28 (right)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Participant B \u00b7 Day 0 (left) and day 28 (right)<\/p>\n

95 dermatologists; self-controlled assessment; 1% selenium disulfide + 0.9% salicylic acid shampoo, three times weekly for 4 weeks. Photographs illustrate responses to a combination product.<\/p>\n

Chen X et al. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317:680. Original Figures 3 and 4. PMCID: PMC11976785.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Two-step regimen<\/b><\/p>\n

Mean dandruff score decreased by 55% after 4 weeks of combination scalp care<\/h2>\n

n = 20; prospective cohort; salicylic acid\/piroctone olamine\/zinc PCA pre-wash gel combined with a salicylic acid\/piroctone olamine\/antimicrobial peptide cleanser.<\/p>\n

Baseline \u2192 Week 4<\/p>\n

2.45 \u2192 1.10<\/p>\n

\u00b10.50 \u00b10.30<\/p>\n

Percentage reduction calculated from published mean scores; p < 0.01.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 1: mean dandruff score (A) and efficacy index (B); error bars show SD. ** p < 0.01.<\/p>\n

After 4 weeks of combination care, cleanser maintenance continued for 12 weeks. Ge L et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24(1):e16742. Figure 1 and Table 3.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Surface comfort and greasiness<\/b><\/p>\n

Pruritus and greasiness scores decreased alongside dandruff<\/h2>\n

Pruritus \/ Original Figure 2<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.35 \u2192 1.10<\/p>\n

Baseline to week 4; p < 0.01. With continued maintenance, the score reached 1.00 from week 8 onward.<\/p>\n

Greasiness \/ Original Figure 4<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.60 \u2192 1.40<\/p>\n

Baseline to week 4; p < 0.01. Perceived surface greasiness differs from sebum secretion rate.<\/p>\n

The same 20-participant combination-care study; original figures retain means and SD. Ge L et al., 2025. Figures 2 and 4 and Table 3. DOI: 10.1111\/jocd.16742.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Clinical and trichoscopic images<\/b><\/p>\n

Clinical and trichoscopic images document improved surface cleanliness through week 16<\/h2>\n

Week 16 \/ Overall response<\/p>\n

80%<\/p>\n

Achieved marked overall clinical improvement (efficacy index \u226550%).<\/p>\n

Weeks 0\u20134: pre-wash gel once weekly plus cleanser every 1\u20133 days. Weeks 4\u201316: cleanser maintenance.<\/p>\n

All 20 participants completed the study; no adverse events were reported. Two dandruff recurrences occurred during weeks 12\u201316 and resolved after increasing cleanser frequency.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original Figure 6<\/p>\n

Combination regimen containing salicylic acid; images from two representative participants. Ge L et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24(1):e16742. Figure 6 and Table 4.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Erythema and total symptom scores<\/b><\/p>\n

The combination regimen sustained reductions in erythema and total symptom scores during maintenance<\/h2>\n

n = 20; salicylic acid\/piroctone olamine pre-wash gel plus cleanser for 4 weeks, followed by cleanser maintenance for 12 weeks. At week 16, 80% achieved marked overall improvement.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 3: erythema score decreased from 1.55 at baseline to 1.10 at week 4 (p < 0.05).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 5: total symptom scores and efficacy index over 16 weeks.<\/p>\n

Ge L et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24(1):e16742. Original Figures 3 and 5 and Tables 3\u20134.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ 5-participant supramolecular salicylic acid\u2013zinc pyrithione pilot study<\/b><\/p>\n

Dermoscopic findings and ASFS improved within 14 days in a small self-controlled scalp study<\/h2>\n

Test product and design<\/h3>\n

n = 5; 2% supramolecular salicylic acid + 0.8% zinc pyrithione; daily for 14 days; 3 scalp regions; D0, D7, and D14.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Original dermoscopic images and ASFS results. This exploratory study cannot separate the contributions of the two actives.<\/p>\n

Wang Q et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24:e16617. Original Figure 2. PMCID: PMC11743326.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Sebum, TEWL, pH, and hydration<\/b><\/p>\n

The supramolecular salicylic acid\u2013zinc pyrithione combination reduced scalp sebum and TEWL, with no significant hydration change<\/h2>\n

Example sites on the forehead<\/h3>\n

Sebum, day 0 \u2192 day 14: left forehead: 123.05 \u2192 62.20 \u03bcg\/cm\u00b2; right forehead: 103.29 \u2192 54.08 \u03bcg\/cm\u00b2.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

5 participants, multiple scalp regions. Hydration did not change significantly. Findings apply to the combined supramolecular salicylic acid\u2013zinc pyrithione regimen.<\/p>\n

Wang Q et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24:e16617. Original Figure 3. DOI: 10.1111\/jocd.16617.<\/p>\n

Scalp evidence \/ Fungal spore counts<\/b><\/p>\n

Fungal spore counts decreased in all 3 scalp regions during the 14-day pilot study<\/h2>\n

Original assay findings<\/h3>\n

Forehead, vertex, and occiput; days 0, 7, and 14; representative fluorescence images and quantitative fungal spore counts.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

n = 5; combination supramolecular salicylic acid\u2013zinc pyrithione product. Microbiological findings are preliminary and formulation-specific.<\/p>\n

Wang Q et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24:e16617. Original Figure 4. PMCID: PMC11743326.<\/p>\n

Delivery science \/ Liposome design<\/b><\/p>\n

Liposomal design addresses molecular location and the external-phase formula<\/h2>\n

Active molecule<\/h3>\n

Free salicylic acid<\/p>\n

Limited water solubility; pH-dependent ionization; affinity for lipid domains; activity distinct from salicylates.<\/p>\n

Formulation system<\/h3>\n

Bilayer: free-acid association and lipid compatibility. External aqueous phase: pH, rheology, and excipient compatibility. Conditions of use: release, deposition, and local exposure.<\/p>\n

Phospholipid bilayer<\/p>\n

Schematic of the liposomal formulation design space; not a particle-size or structural specification.<\/p>\n

Each formulation requires its own performance testing.<\/p>\n

Scientific basis: Bhalerao SS, Raje Harshal A. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2003; EP0616799A1, 1994.<\/p>\n

Delivery evidence \/ Release and ex vivo porcine skin<\/b><\/p>\n

Liposomal gel increased ex vivo permeation and skin retention compared with plain salicylic acid gel<\/h2>\n

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Higuchi release model: R\u00b2 = 0.9181; the gel released 64.48% within 360 min.<\/p>\n

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Porcine skin, 480 min: permeation 26.50% versus 17.20% with plain gel; mean \u00b1 SD, n = 3.<\/p>\n

Skin retention: 10.90% with liposomal gel versus 5.30% with plain gel, approximately a 2-fold increase.<\/p>\n

Chandwani S et al. Int J Appl Pharm. 2023;15(3):220\u2013233. Foot-corn formulation study. Original Figures 16\u201317 and skin retention results.<\/p>\n

Delivery evidence \/ Patent example and human tape stripping<\/b><\/p>\n

A patent example combines free-acid liposomes with external-phase pH adjustment<\/h2>\n

Example 1 \/ Parts by weight<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Salicylic acid<\/td>\n10.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lecithin<\/td>\n1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Water<\/td>\n83.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arginine<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Preservative combination + vitamin E acetate<\/td>\n1.0 + 1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Process and testing<\/h3>\n

High-shear extrusion: 12,000 psi through 100 \u03bcm apertures. Dynamic light scattering: 200 nm; pH increased from 2.0 to 6.7 after arginine addition. Carboxyfluorescein labeling and freeze-fracture TEM supported vesicular structure.<\/p>\n

Permeation protocol: volar human forearm; tape stripping plus HPLC; both liposomes and the 10% salicylic acid emulsion comparator were diluted 1:10 with polymethacrylate gel.<\/p>\n

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Original Figure 1 \u00b7 Salicylic acid recovered from sequential skin tape strips<\/p>\n

EP0616799A1. Cosmetic delivery system for salicylic acid and process for preparation of same. Published 1994. Example 1 and Figure 1.<\/p>\n

Safety and regulatory context \/ SCCS Final Opinion<\/b><\/p>\n

SCCS safety conclusions depend on product type, concentration, and exposure route<\/h2>\n

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SCCS\/1646\/22 \u00b7 Final Opinion<\/h3>\n

0.5% as a preservative; 3.0% in rinse-off hair products; 2.0% in other products, excluding specified categories; 0.5% in body lotions, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, lipstick, oral products, and non-spray deodorants. These concentrations include all uses; preservative use must not be added on top.<\/p>\n

Not applicable to sprayable products that may expose the lungs. Salicylic acid is an eye irritant. Products for children under 3 years were not considered. Check current regulations in the target market.<\/p>\n

SCCS\/1646\/22, Final Opinion, 2023, summary p. 4. Earlier restrictions: SCCS\/1601\/18, 2018; corrigendum 2019.<\/p>\n

Formulation and applications \/ Development pathways<\/b><\/p>\n

One delivery ingredient, two evidence-based product development pathways<\/h2>\n

Skin renewal and comedone care<\/h3>\n

Leave-on: pore-clearing serums, exfoliating toners, and texture-refining lotions. Rinse-off: advanced salicylic acid cleansers.<\/p>\n

Relevant measures: open and closed comedones, standardized imaging, surface shedding, roughness, hydration, TEWL, and local tolerability.<\/p>\n

Scalp exfoliation and dandruff care<\/h3>\n

Pre-wash: scalp exfoliating gels or buildup-removal treatments. Cleansing: dandruff-care shampoos. Leave-on: scalp renewal serums.<\/p>\n

Relevant measures: adherent scalp flakes, corneocyte counts, pruritus, greasiness, erythema, trichoscopy, combability, and regimen-specific tolerability.<\/p>\n

Finished-product salicylic acid (%) = ingredient use level (%) \u00d7 confirmed salicylic acid fraction in the ingredient.<\/p>\n

Confirm pH, rheology, assay, stability, preservation, and packaging. Free salicylic acid has approximately 0.2% water solubility at 20\u00b0C; clear aqueous systems require crystallization control (Merck 2019).<\/p>\n

Ingredient use level is not the salicylic acid concentration. Translate leave-on and rinse-off evidence according to actual use conditions.<\/p>\n

NANOACTIVE™ SA \/ Product characterization<\/b><\/p>\n

NanoActive™ SA nanoencapsulated salicylic acid uses a phospholipid delivery system with particle size <30 nm<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Left: laser particle-size distribution (x-axis: Size, d.nm; y-axis: Volume, %). Right: electron micrograph; scale bar 50 nm.<\/p>\n

NANOACTIVE™ SA \/ D0\u2013D28 product results<\/b><\/p>\n

NanoActive™ SA nanoencapsulated salicylic acid: visible improvement in oily skin from D0 to D28<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Text in the original image: 96% of users were satisfied with the product containing NanoActive SA. Reported oily-skin improvements include refined pores, reduced sebum secretion, and fewer comedones. Top photograph: D0; bottom: D28.<\/p>\n

Evidence translation \/ Product performance<\/b><\/p>\n

NanoActive™ SA combines salicylic acid science with product-specific performance<\/h2>\n

Salicylic acid science<\/h3>\n

Promotes corneocyte shedding; modulates sebocyte lipogenesis and inflammatory signaling; lesion, sebum, scalp, and dandruff outcomes from tested formulations; research on liposomal release and skin delivery.<\/p>\n

NANOACTIVE™ SA product features<\/h3>\n

Phospholipid delivery system; particle size <30 nm; recommended ingredient use level: 1\u20135%; user satisfaction at D28: 96%; improvements in pores, sebum, and comedones.<\/p>\n

Formulation and handling<\/h3>\n

Add at low temperature; avoid divalent\/trivalent metal ions; store below 25\u00b0C protected from light; suitable for skin and scalp formulations.<\/p>\n

NanoActive™ SA nanoencapsulated salicylic acid for skin renewal, oily skin care, and scalp clarity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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