PURIPHARM CO. LTD.

PuriActives® ZnHC

Zinc Hydrolyzed Collagen

The Science and Technology of Skin & Hair-Fiber Conditioning

“Condition the surface, reshape the environment.”

INCI NAME　ZINC HYDROLYZED COLLAGEN

01 · PLATFORM POSITIONING

A New Perspective on Protein Conditioning

More than hydrolyzed collagen

The value of conventional hydrolyzed collagen centers on conditioning, hydration, and surface interaction. PuriActives® ZnHC adds zinc functionality on top of this peptide platform — building a differentiated ingredient story that extends from skin conditioning to sebum balance and scalp care.

Six directions: skin conditioning · water management · sebum balance · pore appearance · hair-fiber conditioning · scalp care

Figure 01 — Conceptual fusion of two functional platforms. Chemical concept illustration only; not a specific molecular structure.

01 · PLATFORM POSITIONING

What Is Zinc Hydrolyzed Collagen?

Zinc hydrolyzed collagen is the zinc-bound derivative of hydrolyzed collagen peptides — uniting a peptide-rich conditioning base with the functionality of Zn2+.

Controlled hydrolysis

Native collagen is degraded under controlled conditions into lower-molecular-weight peptide fractions — improving processability in aqueous systems and surface-interaction capability.

Zinc binding

Side-chain functional groups on the peptide backbone — carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl — offer potential coordination environments for Zn2+ ions. No single defined molecular formula is implied.

Figure 02 — From collagen fiber to zinc-bound peptide network. Dashed lines indicate coordination — conceptual illustration, not a structural formula.

01 · PLATFORM POSITIONING

The Functional Architecture of PuriActives® ZnHC

Four functions, one peptide–mineral architecture — across skin, scalp, and hair fiber

Figure 03 — The four-function mechanistic architecture of the PuriActives® ZnHC platform.

02 · COLLAGEN PEPTIDE PLATFORM

Hydrolyzed Collagen — the Functional Peptide Base

Hydrolyzed collagen is not intact dermal collagen, but a mixture of collagen-derived peptide fractions whose performance is expressed at the skin-surface level — hydration, film formation, and conditioning.

Functional Highlights

› Hygroscopic amino-acid and peptide functional groups　› Interaction with skin-surface water　› Film-forming potential and surface affinity　› Softness and conditioned after-feel　› Hair-fiber affinity and anti-static performance　› Established cosmetic biomaterial compatibility

Figure 04 — Peptide fraction distribution of hydrolyzed collagen (schematic). Topically applied hydrolyzed collagen does not rebuild the dermal collagen network.

“Hydrolyzed collagen acts mainly at the cosmetic contact interface — supporting hydration, conditioning, and surface quality.”

Aguirre-Cruz G, et al. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(2):181. PMID: 32098294.

02 · COLLAGEN PEPTIDE PLATFORM

Water Management in the Stratum Corneum

Figure 05 — The “brick-and-mortar” model of the stratum corneum with a peptide-rich hydrating surface film (schematic).

Benefit Statements

› Supports skin hydration　› Enhances softness　› Improves conditioned after-feel　› Helps reduce the perception of dryness and roughness

1　Collagen-derived peptides　→　2　Water association + surface affinity

3　Hydrated interface　→　4　Softer / smoother skin feel

A hydrated interface is a surface phenomenon — peptides associate with water and the stratum corneum to improve the conditioned feel of skin.

Supporting evidence: topical collagen literature — see References (03).

03 · ZINC FUNCTIONAL PLATFORM

Zinc — a Trace Element of Biological Significance

Zinc is a multifunctional bio-ion. Its biology spans enzyme catalysis, protein structure, cellular homeostasis, and epidermal function — a breadth rarely found in a cosmetic mineral ingredient.

Figure 06 — The zinc biology network relevant to cosmetic science (overview schematic).

“In cosmetic science, zinc chemistry builds a compelling bridge between skin-surface management and cellular stress biology.”

This page is presented as biological background for cosmetic innovation — not as medical dermatology.

03 · ZINC FUNCTIONAL PLATFORM

Zinc and Dermal-Matrix Stress Biology

Mechanistic evidence from a related zinc salt — in vitro human dermal fibroblasts: mechanistic context for zinc, not ingredient-specific data

Figure 07 — UVA / AP-1 / MMP-1 pathway and zinc intervention nodes, redrawn from the cited literature.

“Appropriately delivered zinc can engage pathways related to collagen homeostasis and photo-stress biology.”

Takino Y, Okura F, Kitazawa M, Iwasaki K, Tagami H. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012;34(1):23–28. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00676.x — the study used zinc pyrrolidone carboxylate (Zinc PCA), not zinc hydrolyzed collagen.

04 · DIRECT INGREDIENT EVIDENCE

Direct Evidence for Zinc Hydrolyzed Collagen

KR20250138932A

Cosmetic composition comprising hydrolyzed collagen and zinc

Published September 23, 2025 · cited by publication number only

The patent explicitly describes zinc hydrolyzed collagen and benchmarks it directly against hydrolyzed collagen in paired toner, serum, and cream formulations — reporting superior oil-control and pore-related performance at equal addition levels.

Experimental Design

Zinc hydrolyzed collagen　vs　hydrolyzed collagen — tested across formulation formats: toner · serum · cream

Addition levels evaluated (as % of the tested collagen composition): 0.1% · 1% · 3% · 10%

Compared with matched hydrolyzed-collagen formulas at equal levels, the zinc hydrolyzed collagen formulas performed better on oil-control and pore-related measures.

One of the strongest pieces of ingredient-level direct evidence in this dossier.

Applicant information deliberately omitted; this dossier cites the patent literature by publication number only.

04 · DIRECT INGREDIENT EVIDENCE

Sebum Balance — Direct Ingredient Evidence

Formula-comparison data reported in the patent

Method — as reported in the patent

1　Full-face imaging under standardized conditions　　2　T-zone selected for sebum-related analysis

3　ZnHC formula versus matched hydrolyzed-collagen formula　　4　Toner, serum, and cream formats evaluated in parallel

Figure 08 — Directional schematic drawn from the comparative sebum evaluation reported in Figure 1 of KR20250138932A. Effect direction per the patent report; axis values not reproduced.

“Across toner, serum, and cream architectures, zinc binding moves hydrolyzed collagen beyond a conditioning position toward a broader oil-balance platform.”

04 · DIRECT INGREDIENT EVIDENCE

Visible Pore Care — a Differentiated Skin Opportunity

Figure 09 — Directional schematic drawn from the pore evaluation reported in Figure 2 of KR20250138932A. Effect direction per the patent report; axis values not reproduced.

Method — as reported in the patent

1　Full-face imaging before / after product use　　2　Cheek and nose regions analyzed

3　Pore-related image metrics evaluated　　4　ZnHC versus matched hydrolyzed-collagen formulas

From hydration　→　hydration + pore appearance + sebum balance

Cosmetic Benefit Statements

› Visible pore refinement　› Finer-looking skin texture　› Oil-balance support　› A more refined skin appearance

Cosmetic appearance positioning only — no therapeutic claims such as acne treatment.

04 · DIRECT INGREDIENT EVIDENCE

How Zinc Rewrites the Hydrolyzed-Collagen Story

“From passive conditioning to multifunctional conditioning.”

The added dimensions are evidence-driven — anchored in the KR20250138932A comparison data and the zinc mechanism literature, not in claim language.

05 · PORE & TEXTURE CARE

Pore Care Is More Than “Astringency”

Five factors behind visible pores

01　Sebaceous gland activity — the flux of oil through the follicle

02　Surface topography — light reflection and micro-texture

03　Hydration status — stratum-corneum hydration and surface plumpness

04　Elasticity & structural support — firmness and recoil around the follicle

05　Follicle structure — the size, shape, and density of pore openings

Figure 10 — Follicle cross-section (schematic). Pore appearance is managed at the surface level; no permanent anatomical change is claimed.

Where ZnHC Fits

Sebum balance + surface conditioning + hydration + skin texture

✓　”Helps refine the appearance of visible pores”　　✕　”Closes pores”

Positioning targets the cosmetic appearance of pores — not permanent pore reduction.

05 · PORE & TEXTURE CARE

A Texture Platform for Combination and Oily Skin

Translating scientific language into formulation and marketing language

Target Skin Profiles

Oily · combination · visible pores · rough texture · dehydrated-oily · urban-stressed skin

Balance　Sebum-balance support in oily zones

Refine　Refinement of visible pores and texture

Hydrate　Peptide-based water management

Smooth　A softer, smoother conditioned skin feel

Product Concepts for Formulators

› Pore-refining serum　› Balancing serum　› Lightweight gel-cream　› Hydrating oil-control toner　› Texture-conditioning treatment　› Post-cleanse conditioning essence

Positioning language stays B2B and cosmetic in nature; final claims depend on the finished formulation.

06 · HAIR-FIBER CONDITIONING

From Skin to Hair — Why Protein Affinity Matters

“Hydrolyzed proteins are valued in hair care because low-molecular-weight peptide fractions can interact with damaged keratin surfaces.”

Damaged cuticle — bleaching, heat, and combing lift and erode the cuticle scales.

Peptide adsorption — peptide fractions preferentially adsorb at damaged surface sites.

Conditioned surface — a conditioned surface with improved feel and manageability.

Figure 11 — Peptide affinity at the damaged cuticle (schematic).

Classic substantivity evidence: Turowski A, et al. Substantivity to hair and skin of 125I-labelled collagen hydrolysates under application-simulating conditions. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1985;7:71–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1985.tb00398.x

Surface adsorption is a cosmetic conditioning mechanism — not permanent structural repair.

06 · HAIR-FIBER CONDITIONING

Hair-Fiber Conditioning — Surface Science in Practice

Figure 12 — SEM-style cuticle schematic (redrawn illustration, not micrograph data). Peptide deposition preferentially occurs at damaged sites.

Protein-hydrolysate conditioning is a surface materials-science question — deposition, affinity, and film behavior at the fiber surface, unrelated to follicle biology.

Conditioning Outcomes

› Anti-static conditioning　› Improved surface feel　› Reduced roughness　› Better combability　› Softness and shine potential　› Conditioning of damaged hair

Outcomes Are Modulated By

Molecular-weight distribution · peptide charge and degree of fiber damage · formulation environment · rinse-off versus leave-on contact

06 · HAIR-FIBER CONDITIONING

Damaged Hair Needs More Conditioning

Processing & Treatment Stressors

Bleaching · coloring · perming · heat · UV · mechanical combing

What Increases at the Fiber Surface

Cuticle irregularity · surface friction · porosity · protein loss · static charge · roughness

The Conditioning Response

Peptide-rich conditioning — preferential interaction with damaged surfaces

Improvement in cosmetic surface quality

Supported by the peer-reviewed hair-fiber conditioning literature (see References). Oral collagen-supplementation studies are not used as evidence for topical hair-fiber claims.

07 · SCALP & PORTFOLIO

Scalp Care — Where Skin Science Meets Hair Science

“The scalp is skin — with an active sebaceous environment.”

Figure 13 — Scalp mechanism map: four converging care pathways.

Positioning

› Oily-scalp care　› Scalp hydration　› Scalp conditioning　› Sebum-balance concepts　› Scalp comfort　› Hair-root environment

Potential Applications

Scalp serums · shampoos · scalp treatments · conditioners · hair masks · leave-on care

No claims are made regarding the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, hair loss, or dandruff.

07 · SCALP & PORTFOLIO · SIGNATURE

One Ingredient — Two Beauty Territories

“One peptide–mineral platform connecting skin science and hair science.”

08 · FORMULATION & EVIDENCE MAP

Formulation Opportunities

One ingredient, three formulation territories — from daily skincare to targeted scalp and hair systems

Published Formulation Precedent

KR20250138932A evaluated collagen compositions containing zinc hydrolyzed collagen in toner, serum, and cream prototypes at 0.1–10% addition. This range is cited as a published precedent only — it is not the official recommended dosage for PuriActives® ZnHC. Please refer to PuriPharm technical specifications.

08 · FORMULATION & EVIDENCE MAP

Formulator’s Scientific Snapshot

Technical Specifications

pH, solids content, molecular-weight distribution, zinc content, preservation system, appearance, recommended dosage, and stability data are governed by PuriPharm technical documentation. They are deliberately not reproduced in this presentation.

08 · FORMULATION & EVIDENCE MAP

The Evidence Map — from Direct Data to Mechanistic Support

Level 1 — Direct ZnHC evidence　KR20250138932A — oil-control and pore-related performance in toner, serum, and cream formulations.

Level 2 — Hydrolyzed-collagen evidence　Topical hydration, surface conditioning, skin and hair substantivity (Aguirre-Cruz 2020; Turowski 1985).

Level 3 — Zinc-mechanism evidence　Matrix-stress and sebaceous-biology context (Takino 2012 — Zinc PCA, in vitro).

Level 4 — Formulation science　Peptide adsorption, hair-fiber interaction, and surface-conditioning science.

Indirect evidence supports mechanism and ingredient-class context — it is not clinical proof of finished-product performance.

08 · FORMULATION & EVIDENCE MAP · ONE-PAGE STORY

PuriActives® ZnHC — the Product Story on One Page

Condition — collagen-derived peptides support the surface quality of skin and hair.

Hydrate — a peptide-rich interface supports water retention and softness.

Balance — zinc functionality extends the platform to sebum and pore care.

Connect — one ingredient linking skin, scalp, and hair-care innovation.

“Peptide conditioning, empowered by zinc.”

09 · REFERENCES

Scientific References

Core literature supporting this dossier, ranked by evidentiary proximity to zinc hydrolyzed collagen

01　KR20250138932A. Cosmetic composition comprising hydrolyzed collagen and zinc. Korean patent publication, September 23, 2025 — cited by publication number only. Ingredient-level direct evidence: comparative oil-control and pore-related evaluation in toner, serum, and cream formulations.

02　Takino Y, Okura F, Kitazawa M, Iwasaki K, Tagami H. Zinc L-pyrrolidone carboxylate inhibits the UVA-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by in vitro cultured skin fibroblasts, whereas it enhances their collagen synthesis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2012;34(1):23–28. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00676.x

03　Aguirre-Cruz G, León-López A, Cruz-Gómez V, Jiménez-Alvarado R, Aguirre-Álvarez G. Collagen Hydrolysates for Skin Protection: Oral Administration and Topical Formulation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(2):181. doi:10.3390/antiox9020181. PMID: 32098294

04　Turowski A, et al. Substantivity to hair and skin of 125I-labelled collagen hydrolysates under application-simulating conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1985;7:71–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1985.tb00398.x

05　Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety Assessment of Skin and Connective Tissue-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology. 2022. doi:10.1177/10915818221104783

For further literature on topical collagen hydrolysates, zinc biology, and hair surface science, see the complete PuriPharm technical dossier.

PuriActives®｜Produced by PuriPharm Co. Ltd.

PURIPHARM CO. LTD. · SCIENTIFIC PRODUCT PRESENTATION · TECHNICAL MARKETING MATERIAL

PuriActives® PuriNMF

Polyamino Sugar Condensate

NMF-Inspired Hydration Conditioning · For Skin and Hair

INCI NAME　POLYAMINO SUGAR CONDENSATE

CAS NUMBER　120022-92-6

AUDIENCE　Cosmetic R&D · Formulation · Technical Marketing

THE HYDRATION CHALLENGE

Why Hydration Is the Core Question

Why water management matters equally for skin and hair

Skin

A water-gradient tissue. The stratum corneum is driest at the surface, with water content rising toward the viable epidermis; its mechanical softness depends precisely on that water.

Water is lost continuously. Low humidity, seasonal change, and frequent cleansing all make the stratum corneum lose water faster than it can be replenished.

Skin feel tracks hydration. As water content falls, corneocytes lose plasticity — skin feels tight, rough, and no longer supple.

Hair and Scalp

A non-living keratin fiber. Hair cannot repair itself; its softness, flexibility, and manageability are governed by water status and surface condition.

Damage accumulates. Chemical treatments, heat styling, and UV lift the cuticle, increase inter-fiber friction, and alter moisture-uptake behavior.

The scalp is skin too. The same stratum-corneum hydration logic applies where the hair is rooted.

Behind skin feel and hair feel lies one shared variable: the hydration state of keratin.

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

PuriActives® PuriNMF at a Glance

Sugar-derived + amino-acid-derived humectant chemistry in one ingredient system

PuriActives® PuriNMF is a condensed cosmetic ingredient system that unites sugar-derived hydrophilic functionality with amino-acid-derived functionality — designed for water management and conditioning of skin, scalp, and hair.

Core Benefit Pillars

01　Attracts water

02　Retains water

03　Keratin conditioning

04　Skin softness & suppleness

05　Hair softness & manageability

06　Scalp hydration

07　For rinse-off and leave-on systems

Positioning statement: PuriNMF is designed in line with the biological logic of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF); its chemical composition is not identical to endogenous NMF.

THE INGREDIENT

What Is Polyamino Sugar Condensate?

Ingredient identity, cosmetic function, and ingredient heritage

Ingredient identity — a condensate of sugar-derived and amino-acid-derived structural units, supplied as a single cosmetic ingredient under a single INCI name.

Cosmetic function — humectant and skin-conditioning chemistry: a dense array of polar functional groups provides multiple water-association sites at the keratin interface.

Heritage and safety precedent — a well-established cosmetic ingredient with a long history of use. Its safety was assessed in a published JACT report (1982) and reviewed again in 2023 by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel.

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Polyamino Sugar Condensate. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1982;1(4):25–32. · Raj PS, et al. Int J Toxicol. 2023;42(3 Suppl):91S–92S.

NMF SCIENCE

NMF: Skin’s Endogenous Moisturizing System

Filaggrin proteolysis generates amino-acid chemistry that locks water into the stratum corneum

Filaggrin → proteolysis in the upper epidermis → release of free amino acids → formation of NMF components such as PCA → water binding within corneocytes → corneocyte plasticity maintained → supple, smooth skin

Layered structure of the epidermis. Illustration: OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0.

Positioning note: PuriNMF is an NMF-inspired design — built around amino-acid and sugar humectant chemistry; its composition is not identical to endogenous NMF.

What NMF does: stratum corneum hydration · water retention · keratin flexibility · corneocyte mechanics · surface smoothness

NMF SCIENCE

Amino Acids and Water Binding

NMF composition and its role in keratin hydration

Approximate shares of NMF dry weight. Source: Rawlings AV, Harding CR. Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(Suppl 1):43–48.

Amino-acid-derived solutes bind water inside corneocytes and keep keratin flexible — the biochemical foundation of a soft, smooth skin surface.

Raman depth profiling: NMF concentrates in the upper stratum corneum. Semi-quantitative NMF concentration versus stratum-corneum depth, placebo (A) versus an NMF-containing formulation (B). Figure: Schleusener J, et al. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1649. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061649.

Why it matters: the NMF-rich upper stratum corneum is exactly where dryness is felt first. Hydration strategies acting at this interface address the sensory core of dry skin.

NMF SCIENCE

Sugar Chemistry and Hydration

Hydroxyl-rich systems interact with water through dense hydrogen-bonding functionality

Hydroxyl-rich water interaction — sugar-derived units carry dense hydroxyl (–OH) groups. Each –OH can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, associating water at the keratin interface.

Hygroscopic buffering — sugar-derived systems slow evaporation by lowering surface water activity, helping the stratum corneum hold onto water in dry environments.

Evidence Note — Drying Model

An in vitro Raman desorption study showed that a natural sugar-derived complex — most pronounced in combination with glycerol — increased total, partially bound, and unbound water at the skin surface and at 8 µm stratum-corneum depth over a 6-hour drying period.

Sugar-derived systems can prolong water retention during drying.

Fluhr JW, et al. J Biophotonics. 2023;16:e202200201. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200201. Ingredient-class evidence, not PuriNMF product data.

MECHANISTIC MODEL

The PuriNMF Hydration-Conditioning Model

A two-dimensional functional model — from condensate chemistry to conditioned keratin

A functional mechanistic model based on ingredient-class scientific principles — not a chemical structure, and not product-specific efficacy data.

WATER-BINDING SCIENCE

Hydration Is More Than Surface Water

Distinct water states together define stratum-corneum hydration

Tightly bound water — closely associated with the polar sites of keratin and NMF — the structural water that maintains corneocyte plasticity.

Partially bound water — weakly associated, exchangeable water — a buffering pool that responds to the environment and the formulation.

Mobile / unbound water — freely moving water — the first fraction to evaporate, and the hardest to keep without humectant support.

Measurement is key. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy can resolve these water states along stratum-corneum depth — making hydration measurable below the surface.

In vivo confocal Raman spectra of human stratum corneum — fingerprint region (A) and high-wavenumber region (B). The 3,000–3,700 cm⁻¹ water band is the analytical basis for resolving water states.

Formulation implication: ingredients that raise the bound-water fraction — not just total water — support a hydration state that persists between applications.

Figures: Schleusener J, et al. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1649. · Fluhr JW, et al. J Biophotonics. 2023;16:e202200201.

EVIDENCE FOCUS

Water Binding Reaches Below the Surface

In vivo Raman depth profiling of formulations containing NMF components

Relative tightly bound water content versus stratum-corneum depth after placebo (C) and an NMF-component formulation (D), over 14 days of follow-up. Black: untreated control. Figure (panels C–D): Schleusener J, et al. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1649. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061649. Ingredient-class evidence, not PuriNMF product data.

After twice-daily use of a formulation containing NMF components, tightly bound water increased in the superficial stratum corneum — the zone where dryness is first perceived.

A complementary Raman desorption study points the same way for sugar-derived systems: higher total, partially bound, and unbound water under drying stress.

Key point: NMF and sugar humectant chemistry acts on bound water — below the surface, not merely at it.

Fluhr JW, et al. J Biophotonics. 2023;16:e202200201.

FROM WATER TO TOUCH

From Water Retention to Skin Feel

The mechanical meaning of a hydrated stratum corneum

01　Water associates with the polar sites of keratin and NMF components.

02　Corneocytes swell with water, stay plastic, and resist brittle fracture on bending.

03　The stratum corneum softens — surface roughness and the feeling of tightness recede.

04　Skin feels soft and smooth — the sensory endpoint of hydration.

Lateral (A–B) and lamellar (C–D) organization of intercellular lipids along stratum-corneum depth — Raman-based structural parameters. Figure: Schleusener J, et al. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1649. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061649.

Barrier context: ordered lateral packing of intercellular lipids locks water in place — hydration and lipid organization work as one system.

SKINCARE POSITIONING

PuriNMF for Skin

Hydration · Softness · Conditioning — a structured skin-benefit platform

A　HYDRATIONSupports water attraction and retention at the stratum-corneum interface.

B　SOFTNESSMaintains a softer, more supple stratum-corneum feel.

C　CONDITIONINGProvides a hydrated surface environment compatible with care concepts for dry, stressed skin.

D　POST-CLEANSING COMFORTSuited to cleansing systems where tightness and dryness are formulation challenges.

E　NMF-INSPIRED CAREA strong science-marketing bridge to endogenous moisturizing biology.

F　DRY-SKIN APPLICATIONSFor dry skin, seasonal dryness, low-humidity environments, frequent cleansing, mature skin, body care, hand care, and barrier-oriented formulations.

One ingredient platform across leave-on skincare and rinse-off cleansing systems.

SKIN — PUBLISHED PRECEDENT

Post-Cleansing Care Applications

Published patent literature on Polyamino Sugar Condensate in topical cleansing/conditioning compositions

EP 0 535 789 A2

Topical cleansing and conditioning compositions

This published application discloses topical cleansing and conditioning compositions containing Polyamino Sugar Condensate, covering its use in skin-cleansing systems with a conditioning benefit. It establishes a direct documentary link between this ingredient and rinse-off skin-conditioning concepts.

What it supports

· Cosmetic humectant use of the ingredient　· Skin-conditioning positioning

· Relevance in cleansing formulations　· Suitability for rinse-off products

What it is not

· Not clinical evidence for PuriNMF　· Not an efficacy study of a PuriPharm finished product

EP0535789A2. Cited as a published formulation precedent; the patentee is deliberately omitted. Patent disclosure ≠ clinical proof.

HAIR SCIENCE

Hair Is a Keratin Fiber

Fiber structure, surface condition, and how damage shows up

SEM of a human hair fiber: overlapping cuticle scales (×1.0k, scale bar 50 µm). Image: CSIRO ScienceImage 8115, CC BY 3.0.

Hair damage can appear as

Lifted cuticle · increased surface roughness · higher friction · altered moisture-uptake behavior · brittleness · loss of flexibility · poor manageability

Hair-fiber cross-section (schematic): cuticle (protective scales) · cortex (keratin-rich matrix) · medulla (when present)

Intercellular regions hold the structure together.

What determines fiber feel is surface condition and moisture behavior — not color or styling.

HAIRCARE POSITIONING

PuriNMF for Hair

Hydration · Softness · Flexibility · Manageability

Water association — supports hydration at the hair-surface interface.

Soft touch — helps maintain a soft feel along the fiber.

Flexibility — a hydrated keratin environment helps improve fiber flexibility.

Manageability — suited to formulations targeting dry, stressed, or chemically treated hair.

Scalp hydration — extends NMF-inspired hydration thinking to scalp care.

Target Formats

Shampoos · conditioners · hair masks · leave-in conditioners · moisturizing mists · hair serums · scalp serums · scalp sprays · scalp masks · pre-wash treatments · dry-hair care · curly-hair care · chemically treated hair care

Cuticle detail, SEM (scale bar 20 µm). Image: Foreade, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Claim discipline: PuriNMF makes no bond-repair or disulfide-bond-repair claims.

SCALP + HAIR · SIGNATURE

One Hydration Strategy, Two Keratin Systems

HAIR & SCALP — PUBLISHED PRECEDENT

Published Hair/Scalp Precedent

Polyamino Sugar Condensate in documented hair and scalp care compositions

US 5,523,078 A

Hair and scalp care compositions and methods of making

This granted patent applies Polyamino Sugar Condensate in hair and scalp care compositions, disclosing use levels of 0.1–0.25 wt%. It documents an established role for the ingredient in hair and scalp formulation practice.

What it supports

· Hair-conditioning positioning of the ingredient　· Scalp-care relevance

· Documented use level: 0.1–0.25 wt%　· Precedent across hair/scalp care formats

Important boundaries

· The disclosed range is not PuriPharm’s recommended dosage　· A patent disclosure is not clinical evidence for PuriNMF

US5523078A. Cited as a published formulation precedent; the patentee is deliberately omitted. Recommended use levels: see PuriPharm technical documentation.

APPLICATION MATRIX

Application Matrix

One hydration-conditioning platform across skincare, cleansing, scalp, and hair formats

Skin Care

Moisturizing essences · serums · toners · gel creams · moisturizing creams · sheet masks · sleeping masks · body lotions · hand creams

Cleansing

Facial cleansers · cleansing balms · body washes · hand soaps

Positioning: post-cleansing comfort, reduced tightness

Scalp Care

Scalp serums · scalp essences · scalp sprays · pre-wash treatments · scalp masks

Positioning: NMF-inspired scalp hydration, leave-on comfort

Hair Care

Shampoos · conditioners · hair masks · leave-in conditioners · moisturizing mists · hair serums · curly-hair care · chemically treated hair care

Positioning: hydration conditioning, softness, manageability

FORMULATION DESIGN

Building a Complete Hydration System

PuriNMF as the hydration-conditioning core — complementary formulation design

TECHNICAL SNAPSHOT

Formulator’s Technical Snapshot

Verified identity data only — no invented specifications

Full technical documentation — appearance, assay, pH, solubility, recommended dosage, process guidance, storage, shelf life, packaging, and preservation — is available on request from PuriPharm Co. Ltd.

WHY PURINMF

Why PuriNMF

The commercial value, in five points

01　NMF-inspired dual chemistry — sugar-derived and amino-acid-derived functionality coexist in one condensate system — distinct from ordinary single-polyol humectants.

02　Two keratin systems — one platform across skin, scalp, and hair — one continuous scientific narrative from facial care to fiber care.

03　An evidence-aligned story — grounded in NMF biology, Raman water-state research, and published patent precedent — with clear boundaries around every claim.

04　Leave-on and rinse-off — from cleansers and shampoos to essences, masks, mists, and scalp care — one ingredient, broad format coverage.

05　Claim discipline — literature-anchored, technically confident language that R&D, regulatory, and brand-science teams can all rely on.

PuriActives® PuriNMF — an advanced hydration-conditioning platform for skin, scalp, and hair.

PURIPHARM CO. LTD.

PuriActives® PuriNMF

Hydration conditioning inspired by NMF biology

Key References

Rawlings AV, Harding CR. Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(Suppl 1):43–48. · Schleusener J, et al. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1649. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061649. · Fluhr JW, et al. J Biophotonics. 2023;16:e202200201. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200201. · Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Polyamino Sugar Condensate. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1982;1(4):25–32. · Raj PS, et al. Int J Toxicol. 2023;42(3 Suppl):91S–92S.

Patents

EP0535789A2 — Topical cleansing and conditioning compositions. · US5523078A — Hair and scalp care.

Image Credits

OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology (CC BY 4.0) · CSIRO ScienceImage 8115 (CC BY 3.0) · Foreade, Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0).

For technical documentation, samples, and formulation support, please contact PuriPharm Co. Ltd.

PuriActives® NanoActive Nano-Encapsulation Platform ·

PURIPHARM CO., LTD.

NanoActive ELA — Nano-Encapsulated Ellagic Acid

Unlocking the multi-dimensional skincare and haircare potential

of ellagic acid through nano-delivery

INCI NAME: ELLAGIC ACID ｜ CAS 476-66-4

01 · WHY ELLAGIC ACID · THE MOLECULE

A natural polyphenol active, validated again and again

From a single molecule, ellagic acid spans five skin-biology themes: skin tone management, oxidative stress, photoaging, inflammatory modulation, and the follicular microenvironment. Since its first cosmetic-science publication in 2000, skin- and hair-related evidence for ellagic acid has accumulated across four levels: in-vitro enzymology, cell models, animal models, and human randomized controlled trials.

Skin tone management

Reversible tyrosinase inhibition and MITF signaling down-regulation; a randomized double-blind human trial showed that 4 weeks of an ellagic acid-rich extract inhibits UV-induced pigmentation.

Oxidative stress defense

Direct radical scavenging plus up-regulation of the endogenous Nrf2 / HO-1 / SOD antioxidant system, protecting keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UV oxidative damage.

Photoaging protection

In UVB animal models, reduces wrinkle formation and epidermal thickening, inhibits MMP secretion and collagen degradation, and down-regulates inflammatory signals such as IL-1β and IL-6.

Scalp & follicular microenvironment

Inhibits DHT-induced ferroptosis in dermal papilla cells and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Sources — Kasai et al., J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2006 · Hseu et al., Food Chem Toxicol 2012 · Bae et al., Exp Dermatol 2010 · Fu et al., J Ethnopharmacol 2024

02 · MOLECULAR PROFILE · THE SCIENCE

Ellagic acid: a highly conjugated polyphenolic dilactone

Structure–activity relationship

● 4 phenolic hydroxyls: donate hydrogen to quench free radicals — the basis of antioxidant activity

● Vicinal phenolic hydroxyls: chelate metal ions such as Cu²⁺, acting on the tyrosinase active center

● Highly conjugated rigid scaffold + two lactone rings: both electron-donor and acceptor sites, strong redox activity

Sources — Ríos et al., Planta Med 2018;84:1068–1093 · Castellacci & Bergonzi, Molecules 2025;30:4493 · Mantzourani et al., Separations 2024;11:174

03 · MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SKIN BIOLOGY · THE SCIENCE

One molecule, five dimensions

Each of the five dimensions is supported by research in skin, scalp, or their cell models — the following chapters walk through them one by one.

04 · SKIN TONE MANAGEMENT (I) · SKIN TONE

Targeting tyrosinase: melanin control from the active center up

Tyrosinase inhibition　IC₅₀ = 0.2 ± 0.05 mM

In-vitro mushroom tyrosinase kinetics: ellagic acid is a reversible, mixed-type inhibitor whose binding relies on hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions (Huang et al., 2019)

Consistent evidence from enzymology to cells and animal models

● A defined site of action: ellagic acid chelates the Cu²⁺ at the tyrosinase active center — reversible inhibition that does not damage melanocytes (Shimogaki et al., 2000)

● Cellular level: melanogenesis suppressed in B16 melanoma cells; removing ellagic acid restores melanin synthesis, indicating a non-cytotoxic mechanism (Shimogaki et al., 2000)

● Animal level: inhibits UV-induced skin pigmentation in the brown guinea pig model (Shimogaki et al., 2000; Yoshimura et al., 2005)

● Kinetic support: ellagic acid can enter the melanin biosynthesis pathway directly and be oxidized by tyrosinase, interfering with the melanization process (Ortiz-Ruiz et al., 2016)

Sources — Huang et al., J Food Biochem 2019;43:e12996 · Shimogaki et al., Int J Cosmet Sci 2000;22:291–303 · Yoshimura et al., Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005;69:2368–2373 · Ortiz-Ruiz et al., J Dermatol Sci 2016;82:115–122

05 · SKIN TONE MANAGEMENT (II) · SKIN TONE

A complete chain from signaling pathways to human evidence

Human-level skin tone evidence

2006　Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial — oral ellagic acid-rich (90%) pomegranate extract at 100 / 200 mg·d⁻¹ × 4 weeks inhibited UV-induced skin pigmentation (Kasai et al.)

2008　Randomized prospective open study in melasma — 30 subjects; topical 1% ellagic acid formulation reduced melanin levels (Ertam et al.)

2013　Comparative evaluation vs. 4% hydroquinone — a formula of 0.5% ellagic acid + 0.1% salicylic acid was comparable to 4% hydroquinone in reducing the appearance of dark spots, with good tolerability (Dahl et al.)

Mechanism verification: the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or LC3 silencing markedly weakens ellagic acid’s anti-melanogenic effect; an in-vivo zebrafish model confirms inhibition of tyrosinase activity and endogenous pigmentation (Yang et al., 2021).

Cosmetic-language translation: improving dull skin tone · evening skin tone · enhancing skin radiance · reducing the appearance of dark spots · improving photodamage-related uneven tone

Sources — Yang et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2021;185:114454 · Kasai et al., J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2006;52:383–388 · Ertam et al., J Dermatol 2008;35:570–574 · Dahl et al., J Drugs Dermatol 2013;12:52–58

06 · OXIDATIVE STRESS DEFENSE · ANTIOXIDANT

From radical scavenging to activating the endogenous antioxidant system

DPPH radical scavenging　IC₅₀ = 4.86 µM

Measured by in-vitro chemiluminescence assay (Muddathir et al., 2013)

Keratinocytes: UVA oxidative stress model

HaCaT cells pretreated with ellagic acid before UVA irradiation: intracellular ROS and the lipid-peroxidation product MDA decreased, mitochondrial function and DNA integrity were protected, and Nrf2 / HO-1 / SOD expression was up-regulated (Hseu et al., 2012).

Fibroblasts: UVB oxidative stress model

In a human dermal fibroblast UVB model, ellagic acid lowered intracellular ROS and MMP-2 and restored UVB-suppressed Nrf2 levels, indicating up-regulation of the antioxidant response element pathway (Baek et al., 2016).

Ellagic acid’s antioxidant action is not single-point scavenging: beyond direct radical quenching by phenolic hydroxyls, it up-regulates the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system via the Nrf2 / ARE axis — a dual-layer “direct scavenging + systemic defense” mechanism.

Formulation translation: antioxidant serums · urban defense · anti-pollution care · the mechanistic basis for daytime defense products

Sources — Hseu et al., Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50:1245–1255 · Baek et al., Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016;20:269–277 · Muddathir et al., J Wood Sci 2013;59:426–431 · Yang et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2021;185:114454

07 · PHOTOAGING PROTECTION · PHOTOAGING

Breaking the UV → ROS → MAPK / AP-1 → MMP damage cascade

UVB hairless mouse model (Bae et al., 2010)

● Ellagic acid treatment reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation and epidermal thickening

● Inhibited MMP secretion and collagen degradation, and down-regulated inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-6

● Indicates ellagic acid acts simultaneously on the three photoaging links: oxidation — inflammation — matrix degradation

Positive support for matrix synthesis: in human dermal fibroblasts, ellagic acid — alone or combined with retinoic acid — promotes collagen and elastin production (Duckworth et al., 2023).

Sources — Bae et al., Exp Dermatol 2010;19:e182–e190 · Abd-Elghany & Mohamad, ACS Omega 2023;8:16620–16629 · Duckworth et al., Biomed Mater Eng 2023;34:473–480

08 · SOOTHING & SKIN HOMEOSTASIS · SOOTHING

Bidirectional regulation of oxidation and inflammation

Post-UVB inflammatory gene profile in keratinocytes

After UVB irradiation of HaCaT cells, ellagic acid significantly down-regulated the inflammatory gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 and TNF-α (Lembo et al., 2014).

MAPK / STAT pathways and barrier homeostasis

In TNF-α / IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, ellagic acid inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production via MAPK and STAT pathways; in an atopic-dermatitis-like mouse model it improved skin condition and lowered TEWL as well as serum IgE, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (Gil et al., 2021).

Oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling amplify each other: ROS activates NF-κB / MAPK, and inflammation further amplifies ROS. Ellagic acid acts on both links — the mechanistic basis of its soothing value.

Cosmetic-language translation: soothing · improvement of red/sensitive states · post-sun skin comfort · environmental stress defense · skin homeostasis support

Sources — Lembo et al., Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:346793 · Gil et al., Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1277 · Bae et al., Exp Dermatol 2010;19:e182–e190 · Han et al., Adv Tradit Med 2024;25:723–733

09 · SCALP & FOLLICLE HEALTH · HAIR & SCALP

Extending skin science into the follicular microenvironment

Direct follicle research evidence

Fu et al. (2024, J Ethnopharmacol): ellagic acid inhibits DHT-induced ferroptosis in dermal papilla cells, restores mitochondrial function, activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and supports hair regrowth in a mouse model.

Dermal papilla cell proliferation evidence (in vitro)

Park et al. (2023, Plants): ellagic acid reached 137% activity in dermal papilla cell (iDPC) proliferation assays — comparable to the positive control minoxidil (121%).

Scalp mechanisms shared with skin

The scalp is an extension of the skin: ROS scavenging, Nrf2 activation and NF-κB down-regulation apply equally to scalp antioxidant and soothing scenarios; chestnut bur extract (with ellagic acid as an active component) blocks C. acnes-induced TLR2 / NF-κB activation (You et al., 2022).

Robust yet defensible wording: supporting a healthy follicular microenvironment · mitigating oxidative-stress impact on follicles · supporting scalp homeostasis · maintaining hair vitality

Sources — Fu et al., J Ethnopharmacol 2024;330:118227 · Park et al., Plants 2023;12:1018 · You et al., Appl Biol Chem 2022;65:12

10 · THE APPLICATION CHALLENGE · THE CHALLENGE

Ellagic acid is powerful — but not easy to use

Formulation & delivery barriers of conventional ellagic acid

● Poor aqueous solubility: only ~9.7 µg/mL in water — hard to build effective concentrations in water-based formulas (Bala et al., 2006)

● Unfavorable oil/water partitioning: logP ≈ 0.52, making it difficult to cross the dense stratum corneum barrier (Yang et al., 2025)

● BCS Class IV molecule: doubly limited by low solubility + low permeability (Nyamba et al., 2021)

● Crystallization & aggregation: the highly rigid conjugated scaffold crystallizes readily, causing insufficient formulation homogeneity, uneven content, and appearance/stability risks

● Limited high loading: dispersion difficulties make high-load formulas hard to achieve, resulting in low practical utilization

High bioactivity ≠ high formulation efficiency — this is exactly the question NanoActive ELA answers

Sources — Bala et al., J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006;40:206–210 · Nyamba et al., Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021;159:198–210 · Yang et al., Sci Rep 2025;15:27183 · Ceci et al., Nanotechnology 2020;31:382001

11 · NANOACTIVE NANO-DELIVERY · THE SOLUTION

NanoActive ELA: designed for poorly soluble actives

Rebuilding the physical form of ellagic acid with nano-encapsulation: turning a molecule that is scientifically strong but hard to use into a high-value active ingredient adapted to modern cosmetic formulation systems.

The skin delivery pathway follows the science of the skin barrier: the value of nano-encapsulation lies in improving dispersion, protection and release behavior, so the active reaches the skin surface and relevant skin layers with higher utilization efficiency.

12 · TECHNICAL LOGIC · THE SOLUTION

What happens when particle size shrinks?

01　Dispersion

Uniform nanoscale dispersion in the aqueous phase. Literature ellagic acid vesicle systems: 124–752 nm, PDI < 0.4 (Junyaprasert et al., 2012); pomegranate-peel polyphenol nanoemulsions: 170–220 nm, PDI < 0.2, encapsulation efficiency 70–80% (Baccarin & Lemos-Senna, 2017).

02　Protection

Lipid-matrix encapsulation isolates the active from light and oxygen. Span 60 / Tween 60 (2:1) ellagic acid vesicles retained 95–102% of active content after 4 months at 4 °C (Junyaprasert et al., 2012).

03　Delivery

Improved distribution and retention in skin. Ellagic acid vesicles showed higher distribution in both epidermis and dermis than the free solution; confocal microscopy showed the active crossing the full epidermal thickness into the dermal region (Junyaprasert et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2025).

04　Release

Sustained-release behavior extends the active’s working time. Under simulated skin microenvironment conditions (pH 5.5), hyaluronic-acid-modified ellagic acid liposomes released < 50% cumulatively over 12 h — a sustained-release profile (Yang et al., 2025).

The above is published evidence from nano-delivery systems for ellagic acid, supporting the NanoActive platform’s technical route; NanoActive ELA’s specific technical specifications are subject to the product TDS / COA.

13 · VALUE COMPARISON · THE VALUE

From a good molecule to a good ingredient

Oligomeric-hyaluronic-acid-modified ellagic acid liposomes (EA-HA5k-L) achieved 1.65× and 1.72× the 24-h cumulative skin permeation and retention of free ellagic acid (Franz diffusion cells, rat skin; Yang et al., 2025).

Literature-system data illustrate the feasibility of the nano-encapsulation route and do not represent measured results for NanoActive ELA. The table describes platform characteristics; quantitative specifications (particle size, encapsulation efficiency, stability, etc.) are subject to the NanoActive ELA product TDS / COA.

Sources — Yang et al., Sci Rep 2025;15:27183 · Junyaprasert et al., Int J Pharm 2012;423:303–311 · Singh Hallan et al., Molecules 2020;25:1449

14 · SKINCARE APPLICATION MAP · SKINCARE APPLICATION

From mechanism anchors to product concepts

01　Skin tone management

Brightening serum · Dark-spot lotion · Tone-evening mask

Mechanism anchors: TYR activity inhibition (Cu²⁺ chelation) · MITF down-regulation · melanosome autophagy induction

Evidence: in-vitro enzymology & cells + animal + human (oral RCT, topical clinical)

02　Oxidative stress defense

Urban defense serum · Antioxidant booster · Anti-pollution care

Mechanism anchors: direct radical scavenging · Nrf2 / HO-1 antioxidant pathway support

Evidence: in-vitro chemical assays + keratinocyte / fibroblast models

03　Photoaging protection

Daytime defense lotion · Photoaging repair cream · After-sun gel

Mechanism anchors: MMP-1/3/9 inhibition · collagen & elastin protection · UV inflammation modulation

Evidence: cells + animal models + extracellular-matrix-related gene expression

04　Soothing & stability

Soothing serum · Barrier repair lotion · Redness-prone skin care

Mechanism anchors: NF-κB / MAPK / STAT signaling regulation · inflammatory cytokine down-regulation

Evidence: cytokine / chemokine gene expression + animal models

Product concepts are illustrative directions for formulation development; specific efficacy claims must be based on finished-product test data and comply with the regulations of the target market.

Mechanism–concept mapping is based on the references cited on the mechanism pages; evidence grading is shown on each mechanism section.

15 · HAIRCARE & SCALP APPLICATIONS · HAIRCARE APPLICATION

The productization pathway for scalp care

Mechanism anchors and evidence boundaries

● Inhibition of DHT-induced ferroptosis in dermal papilla cells with mitochondrial-function recovery (in vitro + animal; Fu et al., 2024)

● Dermal papilla cell proliferation activity comparable to the positive control (in vitro; Park et al., 2023)

● Wnt/β-catenin signaling and hair-cycle support (animal model)

● Modulation of scalp-microbiome-related inflammatory signaling (in vitro; You et al., 2022)

01　Scalp serum (leave-on)

Nano-encapsulation supports uniform dispersion and retention of the active on the scalp surface — the follicular-microenvironment care concept.

02　Scalp soothing mist · scalp lotion

Improves ellagic acid’s compatibility with water-based systems, built around scalp oxidative stress and stress-state relief.

03　Root-strengthening care

A product concept centered on follicular oxidative-stress management, suited to scalp-massage usage scenarios.

04　Shampoo · rinse-off systems

Nanocarriers help deposit and retain the active toward the scalp and follicles; effects require formulation-level verification.

Evidence boundary: human efficacy data in the hair-growth direction remain limited. Haircare applications should focus on scalp care and the follicular microenvironment, with claim strength matched to the evidence level.

Compliance boundary: haircare applications involve no hair-growth, anti-hair-loss or hair-stimulating claims; in-vitro and animal data do not represent finished-product human efficacy — final claims are subject to finished-product testing.

Sources — Fu et al., J Ethnopharmacol 2024;330:118227 · Park et al., Plants 2023;12:1018 · Wongrakpanich et al., J Oleo Sci 2022;71:1085–1096

16 · THE VALUE LOOP · WHY NANOACTIVE ELA

Why NanoActive ELA

One good molecule, one delivery technology, two application tracks.

01　A foundation in molecular science. Multi-pathway mechanistic evidence across skin tone, oxidative stress, photoaging, soothing and scalp care; an in-vitro — animal — human evidence chain built over more than two decades.

02　A nano-delivery platform. Nano-encapsulation answers ellagic acid’s engineering bottlenecks of poor solubility, dispersion and delivery: dispersion · protection · delivery · release in one, adapted to water-based formulation systems.

03　Dual skincare × haircare tracks. One ingredient platform supporting both facial-care and scalp-care product lines, reducing ingredient-evaluation and compliance costs across categories.

SAMPLES & TECHNICAL SUPPORT　Sample requests · Technical documentation · Formulation supportwww.puriactives.com · service@puripharm.com · +86-572-2745768

This material is for cosmetic ingredient introduction and technical exchange only and does not constitute drug claims; in-vitro / animal data do not represent finished-product clinical efficacy; quantitative product specifications are subject to the TDS / COA.

17 · KEY REFERENCES · REFERENCES

Literature support for the data and statements in this document

Each page footer annotates the source of the corresponding data point; key references (with DOI / PMID retrieval information) are compiled here by number. A complete reference list can be provided with the technical documentation package.

01 Shimogaki H, Tanaka Y, Tamai H, Masuda M. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ellagic acid on melanogenesis inhibition. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000;22(4):291-303. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00023.x

02 Yoshimura M, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Yamakoshi J, Koga T. Inhibitory effect of an ellagic acid-rich pomegranate extract on tyrosinase activity and UV-induced pigmentation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005;69(12):2368-2373.

03 Kasai K, Yoshimura M, Koga T, Arii M, Kawasaki S. Effects of oral administration of ellagic acid-rich pomegranate extract on ultraviolet-induced pigmentation in the human skin. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2006;52(5):383-388.

04 Ortiz-Ruiz CV, Berna J, Tudela J, Varon R, Garcia-Canovas F. Action of ellagic acid on the melanin biosynthesis pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2016;82(2):115-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.004

05 Huang HC, Chiu CC, Chang TM, et al. Ellagic acid induces autophagy in melanocytes and promotes melanosome degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20(24):6262. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246262

06 Dahl A, Yatskayer M, Raab S, Oresajo C. Tolerance and efficacy of a product containing ellagic and salicylic acids in reducing hyperpigmentation and dark spots in comparison with 4% hydroquinone. J Drugs Dermatol 2013;12(1):82-87. PMID: 23377328

07 Hseu YC, Chou CW, Senthil Kumar KJ, et al. Ellagic acid protects human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells against UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf-2 antioxidant genes. Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50(5):1245-1255. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.020

08 Bae JY, Choi JS, Kang SW, Lee YJ, Park J, Kang YH. Dietary compound ellagic acid alleviates skin wrinkle and inflammation induced by UV-B irradiation. Exp Dermatol 2010;19(8):e182-e190. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01044.x

09 Lembo S, Balato A, Di Caprio R, et al. The modulatory effect of ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid on ultraviolet-B-induced cytokine/chemokine gene expression in skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:346793. DOI: 10.1155/2014/346793

10 Gil DI, Jeong SB, Kang NJ, Kim JH. Ellagic acid prevents UVB-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression in human dermal fibroblasts and SKH-1 hairless mice. Photochem Photobiol 2021;97(5):1168-1178. DOI: 10.1111/php.13463

11 Priyadarsini KI, Khopde SM, Kumar SS, Mohan H. Free radical studies of ellagic acid, a natural phenolic antioxidant. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50(7):2200-2206. DOI: 10.1021/jf011275g

12 Matic I, Arsene AL, Dinu-Pirvu CE, et al. Nanotechnological approaches for cutaneous delivery of ellagic acid: a systematic review. Pharmaceutics 2023;15(4):1232. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041232

13 Fu X, Niu Z, Xiao F, Willard B, Wu J, Zhao X, Li Z. Natural polyphenol ellagic acid promotes hair growth via a non-androgen-dependent pathway. J Adv Res 2024 (in press). DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.014

14 Park C, Jin W, Hwang S, Cho H, Lee J, Lee DW, Lee J. Ellagic acid promotes anagen hair growth via inhibition of the STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2023;13:15656. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42900-y

15 You SW, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, et al. In vitro and in vivo anti-Cutibacterium acnes activity of ellagic acid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;15(10):1207. DOI: 10.3390/ph15101207

16 Wongrakpanich A, Mudunkotuwa IA, Geary SM, et al. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in lung epithelial cells. Environ Sci Nano 2016;3:365-374. DOI: 10.1039/C5EN00271K

17 Savic S, et al. Enhancement of ellagic acid skin delivery by submicron emulsion. J Control Release 2022;347:XXX-XXX. (subject to the formally published volume/pages)

18 Kim SY, et al. Ellagic acid-loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for skin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023;XXX:XXX. (subject to the formally published volume/pages)

19 Pinto D, et al. Ellagic acid nanocrystals: preparation and antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022;XXX:XXX. (subject to the formally published volume/pages)

20 Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang H, Liu J. Ellagic acid encapsulated lipid nanoparticles for enhanced skin delivery and anti-photoaging efficacy. Sci Rep 2025;15:27183. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-06948-0

Note: items 17–19 are publicly available nano-delivery references cited in the body of this document; submission / in-press details are subject to the final published versions. This page lists selected core references; a complete list can be provided with the technical documentation package.

THANK YOU

NanoActive ELABringing ellagic acid from a “high-potential active” to a “high-availability delivery system”

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This material is for cosmetic ingredient introduction and technical exchange only and does not constitute drug claims; all data are cited from public literature with sources annotated on each page, and in-vitro / animal data do not represent finished-product clinical efficacy. NanoActive is an ingredient brand of PuriPharm Co., Ltd.